20 Topics for Economics Dissertations Relevant in 2018

20 Topics for Economics Dissertations Relevant in 2018 The economics is the science of finances and growth of the world’s prosperity. The main goal of economics dissertations is to notice the consequences and the tendencies of various economics events that are constantly taking place. There are both micro and macroeconomic events, and all of them have various impact on the growth of prosperity of all countries. The students who are supposed to write a dissertation in economics have got a vast field of opportunities to explore, and there are thesis topics for economics which are worthy of investigation. Some students prefer to explore the existing tendencies in the world, while others are interested in a practical part and the development of new business technologies, plans, and models. Here you will find the list of economics dissertation topics that are applicable for 2018. Make sure to support them with strong facts though. 20 Topics for Effective Economics Dissertations Is the Worldwide Internet Affecting the Local Proximity and Contributing the Growth of Economic Level The Creation of Effective Business Incubators to Increase the Productivity of IT Sphere in Third-World Countries The Reasons for Regional Divergence in the Selected Countries and the Comparison between Poor and Well-Developed Regions The Calculation of Brexit with Potential Losses for European Union within Ten-Year Period The Perspectives of Installation Large Business Conglomerates in Small Countries to Generate Extra Work Places The Utilization of Farming Economics-Implication into Public Institutions Sector as Means of Economic Development in Agrarian Countries Illegal-Mining Installments and Their Harm for the Development of the Selected Country’s Economic Level The National Financial Subsidies for Developing Businesses as Effective Means of Increasing an Overall Financial Rate of the Country The Behavioral Analysis of Buying Capability among the Consumers of the G6 Countries and Countries of the Third World Nonstandard Economical Approaches That Were Brought by Emigrants to the US and Their Contribution to Economic Prosperity Critical Analysis of Enterprise Activity within Rural and Urban Areas of Asian Countries The Direct Correlation between Economic Convergence and the Salary Levels in the United States Basic Pricing Models from the Point of View of the Investors and How They Impact the Economic Growth of the Country The Analysis of Current Family Businesses State and the Impact of Large Holdings on the Small Business Sector The Modern Job Market Analysis within the Period of 20 Years – the Most Applicable Professions of Nowadays The Unemployment Level in the United States and the Means of Effective Regulation Correlation between the Economic Systems of the World and Their Impact on Each Other   The Dependence of Industrial Region of the Selected Country on the Amount of Average Regional Salary The Evolution of the World’s Consumption Policy – the Changes That Took Place During the Last Decade The Shocking Therapy – the Potential Application for the Development of the Economics in the Countries of the Third World Sample Essay: The Impact of Samurai Style Corporate Model on Japanese Economics The usage of national traditions and peculiarities of working power may serve as one of the characteristic features of the Japanese model of economic development. For a long time, in Japan, a long-life recruitment was propagandized. Huge corporations, which are able to build a career-oriented pyramid and guarantee the employment, have more possibilities to fulfill this principle, unlike small and medium companies. It’s evident that neither companies nor the legislation have the distinct rules requiring the demand for all lifelong. However, both employees and administration consider continuing work as a part of the collective employment agreement. The government in an effort to support the employment with the help of a subsidiary system also means the principle of working for many years at one company. So comparing to other countries, the problem is in the longer recruitment. In 1981, the part of retired workers was 16%. It means that for 3 years half of all the workers were retired. Mainly, these were young people. Unchanging workers compile 20-30% of workers. Employment period influences the level of the salary. It grows the fastest in average age. Various additional payments are added to the base rate. Working relations are built on the philosophy â€Å"the company is our home†. The usage of men power is mainly based on the concept of â€Å"human potential†. On the cusp of the 60s and 70s, many Japanese companies made a conclusion that the worker receives more pleasure from the working process when it is characterized by the diversity. Then they refused using conveyor lines at assembly operations to the benefit of rotatory tables where one person collected the whole bloc. This way, the worker may determine the specifics, schedule, elements of quality control, expenses, safety, etc. As a result of the enforcement of technological operations, the flaw lowered from 6% to 0.3%, workforce productivity raised by 20%, and prime cost lowered by 30%. The core of organization and governing are small self-governing groups. They embrace the entire company in the vertical and horizontal direction. Each group is placed into such conditions that constantly stimulate reaching to perfection and searching for the most effective means of the equipment utilization. The working group participates in making decisions regarding the further development and issues which can affect the group. The position of a female labor force is on a totally different level. Most of the companies accept female workers only as hour or daily workers. They are the first candidates for firing if it is necessary for the company. The Japanese mentality considers women the housewives, and when they are fired, it doesn’t influence the level of unemployment, so the official national level of employed population is constantly at the highest level in the world. Moreover, the salary level of females is twice as lower than that of males for the same type of a job. A long-term working day is a characteristic trait of Japan. The men in Japan work 10 hours more per week than average men in Europe and the USA. People show such desire to work due to special bonus systems and overtime that are serving as a serious extra salary. It increases the overall productivity of workers to a greater extent. The best thing about Japanese work system is a low difference level between low and top-rank workers where we can observe 10 times difference, while in the US, this salary difference is over 100 times. To conclude everything, the Japanese labor model seems extremely effective, but it was based on the historical background and can be applied for people with the same mentality, and only then, it will work the way it should. References: Jessica R. Nicholson. Recent Economic Trends in Manufacturing. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration Office of the Chief Economist.  esa.doc.gov/sites/default/files/recent-trends-in-manufacturing_0.pdf The Report of United Nations. World Economic Situation and  Prospects 2018.  https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/publication/WESP2018_Full_Web-1.pdf Ana Rute Cardoso Institute for Economic Analysis (CSIC) and IZA Paulo Guimares University of South Carolina and IZA. Trends in Economic Research: An International Perspective.  http://ftp.iza.org/dp4785.pdf Hiten Amin Reports Tokyo, Japan. Traditional Employment Practices in Japan.  disc.co.jp/en/resource/pdf/TraditionalEmployment.pdf Web Japan. Japan Employment Fact Sheet.  http://web-japan.org/factsheet/en/pdf/e39_employment.pdf

Starbucks Financials Essays

Starbucks Financials Essays Starbucks Financials Paper Starbucks Financials Paper Starbucks Corporation My Case 7 Spring 2007 Discount Rates in Valuation Discount rates play a key role in the valuation of discounted cash flows. Three rates are generally used to calculate the present value of future cash flows: the cost of equity (Ke), the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC), and the unlevered cost of capital (Ku). The Cost of Common Equity The cost of common equity is the building block for all of the other discount rates. The cost of common equity is based on the expectations that Starbucks’ investors have about the return they want for their common stock investment. The cost of common equity is used in the dividend discount model and the flows to equity model because these models are related to common equity holders only. The cost of equity is measured by adding the risk free rate to the product of the market premium and Starbucks’ Beta. In formula: Ke = rf + Mr? Starbucks Ke rf14. 76% Mr25. 00% ?30. 75 Ke8. 51% Weighted-Average Cost of Capital The weighted average cost of capital is used in the free cash flow model and the residual income model. The WACC is just how it sounds. It is a weighted-average of the costs of common equity, after-tax debt, after-tax NonOp (treated as negative debt), other capital claims, and preferred stock. The weighting given to each cost is in proportion to total capital. The example above would be a four factor model. Starbucks uses a four factor model because it issues no preferred stock. Ke8. 51% Kd43. 58% KNonOp56. 34% KMinority8. 1% tc635% Starbucks’ WACC: FVWeightCostTotal Debt$702,7200. 033. 58%0. 095% NonOp(146,849)-0. 016. 34%-0. 035% Minority Interest 124,147 0. 018. 51%0. 040% Common Equity 25,762,301 0. 978. 51%8. 291% Total Capital$26,442,3191. 008. 391%WACC Unlevered Cost of Equity This is the cost of equity the firm would have if it were financed entirely with common equity. This rate is used in the adjusted present value model. The unlevered beta must be found to calculate this rate. In order to calculate unlevered ? we must also calculate t*, which is the net gain in value per dollar of corporate debt as a result of income tax savings. Starbucks t*: tc35. 00% te715. 00% td835. 00% t* = 1-[(1- tc)(1- te)/(1- td)] t* = 1-[(1-. 35)(1-. 15)/(1-. 35)] t* = . 15 Starbucks Unlevered ? : ?L0. 75 d0. 03 ?u = ? L [(1-d)/(1-(dt*)] ?u = . 75[(1-. 03)/(1-. 03(. 15))] ?u = . 73 Starbucks’ Unlevered Cost of Equity rf4. 76% Mr5. 00% Ku = rf + Mr? u Ku = . 0476 + . 05(. 73) Ku = 8. 41% Footnotes and Sources 1. I found the daily 30 year Treasury bond rate that was closest to Starbucks’ fiscal year end. ttp://www. federalreserve. gov/releases/h15/data/Business_day/H15_TCMNOM_Y30. txt. or treas. gov/offices/domestic-finance/debt-management/interest-rate/yield_historical_2006. shtml 2. Premium given in class discussions 3. From Value Line report dated 12-8-2006 4. Starbucks 10-K 2006, Note 10, 5. 5% * (1-. 35) 5. Ke formula with ? = 1, then multiplied by (1-. 35) 6. Corporate marginal tax rate from class 7. Capital gains tax rate from class 8. Individual marginal tax rate from class

The decline of manufacturing sector in U.S.A. has been compensated by Essay

The decline of manufacturing sector in U.S.A. has been compensated by a growing service sector - Essay Example United States has for more than three decades witnessed growth in its service sector and a converse trend in manufacturing. This has been the trend for many high income countries as they have been shifting reliance from manufacturing to service. This is a post-industrialization trend where people’s income continues to rise with less interest in investment in material processing The current trend has been more investment or shift to health care, education, insurance and others. It is important to mention that employees’ productivity grows slowly in the service sector than in the manufacturing the reason being low mechanization in service processes. Services therefore become more expensive which results in them contributing a higher portion of US GDP (Gallaher 49). This trend has also resulted to having higher employment in service sector than in the mechanized manufacturing sector. The service sector is now leading while manufacturing is declining with former compensatin g for the decline. The service sector capitalizes in production of intangible commodities in health, information and communication, education and others (Triplett and Bosworth 64). Globalization has been one of the key factors towards the shift from manufacturing to service. Manufacturing firms have been relocating to other countries mostly in the developing economies which either have more people in the low-income or middle-income bracket. Countries like China and India have for the last two decades been encouraging foreign investments through various incentives like tax holidays and low wages for workers. American government in turn is trying to develop policies that will see most of its citizens above the minimum wage bracket; a move that is driving industries to foreign countries. The service sector is labor intensive and it requires highly skilled personnel therefore raising the need to have quality and sustainable education. Also due to globalization many skilled immigrants ha ve come to the United States to seek jobs in the service sector resulting to high brain drain especially in the developing nations (Gallaher 130). Global trends also dictate firms to engage in more environmentally friendly activities and the service sector has come to solve this problem. The service sector engages in more human capital than natural. This has made United States to have heated debates regarding quality of education so as to have more skilled human capital (Gallaher 89). The general lack of undue intervention in the natural resources reduces environmental degradation which is more prone with manufacturing firms. Environmental consciousness has therefore caused investors to shift their investments to more environmentally friendly businesses. Statistics show that in the turn of the 20th century America’s manufacturing and agricultural sectors had taken more than 75 percent of the GDP while in the turn of the 21st century the service sector had more than 60 percent contribution (Triplett and Bosworth 106). This is a huge turn of events considering that it is a gap of just a century. It is within this century that America’s economy grew tremendously into the current post-industrialization era. The above statistics show that to a large extent the service sector is surely filling the gap left with the decline in the manufacturing sector. The world economy has in the last four decades experienced turbulence of booms and decline which have affected the two sectors differently. The manufacturing sector over this period has been heavily affected and shrunk as a result (AIER 2006). The recent economic crisis of 2008 heavily affected industries like motor vehicle manufacturers leading to closure of many plants, takeovers, bailout programs and many other negative occurrences. In the recovery trend the service sector has been seen to recover quickly than the manufacturing

Individual marketing strategy and plan for launching Starbucks in Essay

Individual marketing strategy and plan for launching Starbucks in India - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to identify strategies for Starbucks so as to enter the Indian market and capture the major chunk from its existing players. The paper has certain limitations which include availability of data and time available to complete the paper. The timing of Starbucks to enter the market has approached as out of 1.2 billion of population majority of it consist of youth which is the target market for coffee houses therefore the market is huge and is already being attracted and loyal to existing players. Plus the existing players are expanding to its fullest highlighting that market is yet to be saturated but currently have lot of potential. Because Starbucks have what is needed to enter such tea drinkers market it is the right time for them to launch their product in India especially when they are already experienced with facing a tea drinker nation and capturing market there. Conducting a brief market analysis it can be seen that competition is tough due to players being in market since a long time, on the same time buyers and suppliers have strong say in the market because of suppliers being limited in number and buyers having lot of options. Moreover, the potential of new entrants is also high but those with excessive cash can enter easily and lastly the substitute’s availability which is also there in form of fast food restaurants providing highly processed coffee. The suitable location for Starbucks would be Mumbai and New Delhi due to the target market which is the youth and bother these cities have lot of big companies’ offices and call centers plus are hot spots to tourists (Paunikar 2004). To capture the market the coffee maker needs to come up with innovative ideas such as bank with in cafà © of Barista coffee or co-branding with banks for credit cards, etc. (Tribhuvan, 2007) Furthermore, because the customers are extremely price sensitive proper pricing strategy needs to be placed so as to be successful in this

Russell Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Russell - Assignment Example of this problem, the obvious stance is to hold it improbable or impossible for any deity to be attributed with such qualities as omnipotence, omniscience and endless benevolence. According to the problem of evil, if indeed there existed an infinitely compassionate creator, then such undesirable outcomes like deathly famines, wars and other forms of catastrophe – including the notion of hell would not have been present in the universe that He created. Thus, according to the problem of evil, the notion of God’s creations and the perceived act of his judgment upon his creators seem to be contradictory. If indeed God had the power to create, he equally had the ability to ensure that whatever he created will submit only to His will thus eliminating the possibility of evil. If God existed and he is indeed the creator, then it would be a moral disgrace for him to keep on permitting the many evils that are present in the world – such is the stance taken by Russell. In his article, The Perennial Problem of Evil, Mark Piper best captures this dilemma by equating the coexistence of both God and evil to parents who willfully allow a nursery school t o be infested by pedophiles. Such is the contradicting nature of the existence of a powerful God who always means well and the simultaneous existence of evil that constitutes the problem of evil. Leibniz approaches the problem from the underachiever perspective. This perspective postulates that the only outcome for having a God who is against evil and evil itself in the same world can only mean that God has indeed come short. Such a proposition will further discount the popularly held believe of the existence of an all-powerful and supreme being. Leibniz argues that God put his best work in creating this world, with the presence of evil or otherwise. As long as humans are not privy to the happenings in any other world out there, then ours will remain the best world and the existence of evil makes it so. Although God

Occupational Safety Analysis for Pilot

Occupational Safety Analysis for Pilot For a pilot, there are many risks in his working environment to which he is exposed to. A pilot while operating an airplane might be exposed to ultraviolet radiations, ambient noise, various communicable diseases etc. The main aim of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 was majorly towards a safer and healthier working environment that could be insured for the workers (association, 2012). The main reasons for which Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) were created was for development and enforcement of health and safety norms and standards for the workplace. OSHA works to provide employers and airline industry workers with information and assistance to help create a healthy and safe working environment.Under this act it is the responsibility of the employer to provide a safe and healthy workplace which is free from serious recognized hazards to all its employees. According to Canada Labor Code (the Code) it is required that employers under federal jurisdiction provide their employees for health and safety of their lives. There are many committees for the purpose of ensuring healthier and safer working environment also there is a representative who is being appointed for the same purpose concerned to health and safety . The Canada Labor Code also provides that a health and safety officer should be appointed by the labor minister . The officer has investigation right to investigate upon the workplace conditions and various related issues towards health and safety of employees and the officer can also recommend noncompliance prosecution . The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) 1970 was created for ensuring safe and healthy working environment for all workers in The United States (OSHA, 2010) . The OSH led to the establishment of The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the purpose with authority to develop and enforce desirable standards for health and safety in the workplace. Under the OSH act there was also establishment of The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as an active Disease Control and Prevention centers. NIOSH is responsible for conducting various researches and for providing recommendations with regard to workplace for the prevention of injuries and illness. There are many environmental hazards to which the flight deck crews are found to be exposed to, one of them is galactic radiation; which is very much harmful with exposure to higher level of altitudes and latitudes. It has been indicated by studies that there is an increase in malignancies with increasing exposure among the flight crew members. Another hazard to which they are exposed to is ozone, which at typical flight levels might exceed the federal limits. It can even cause headaches and some kind of respiratory illness, it has even been even linked to cancer. Airborne contagious diseases if exposed to is also a health threat, which can be caused if being exposed either to passengers or to crew members and can be even caused by making use of contaminated oxygen mask. Apart from these environmental hazards, there are many operational conditions to which flight crew members might be exposed to over a period of time, that could be harmful to health. For example, for pilots combating fatigue is the matter of constant battle, in various short haul operations with mainly short flight legs (Geneva, 2013) . It has been determined by the FAA that the workplace for on-board crew members in civil,commercial aircrafts is different significantly from the non-aviation workers’s workplace and the FAA must take up steps for setting up regulations for the purpose of addressing these concerns. The regulations and guidance material has been issued by the FAA that affect the flight attendants workplace and the workplace of other persons for whom his workplace is an aircraft in operation. This kind of regulatory material pays attention towards addressing protective equipment of breathing for crew members; crew members’s emergency exits; seat belts for crew members ; characteristics of various materials in the workplace of crew member ; reducing noise; smoke evacuation; concentration of carbon monoxide, cabin zone and carbon dioxide; proper heating, ventilation, and pressurization; proper availability of required first aid, various medical equipment, protective gloves; and interference with the crew members to be prohibited. FAA advisory materials also addresse the issues related to exposure to radiation of the crew members, first-aid programs in an air-carrier, and blood borne pathogens exposure. The FAA has not yet enforced regulations and adequate guidance material for addressing safety and health issues that are associated with the working conditions in an aircraft for employees, even including the flight deck crew. The mission of FAA’s Aerospace Medicine (AAM) office is to enhance safety of aerospace through surveillance, education, medical standards, research and prevention of illness. The AAM, headed by the federal air surgeon, under the oversight of the associate administrator for aviation safety has a vision for promoting aviation safety for the American public and many people who are totally relying upon the aviation industry for business, pleasure, and commerce. The Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), of the FAA is located in Oklahoma, is an occupation, medical certification, education,research wing of Aerospace Medicine. The FAA has developed various health standards to ensure the safety of all crew members and all people who fly. It is necessary that all aviators should be medically certified to be fit to fly; annually about a half million of medical certificates have been issued. The FAA and OSHA, signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) at the urging of Congress in which they agreed that both the FAA and OSHA would work collectively in the airline industry to enhance their employee safety and health. Both the FAA and OSHA in the MOU have agreed to the establishment of a procedure for employees working conditions in operation in the airline. In the MOU, an aircraft has been defined by the FAA as being â€Å"in operation† from the time the first crew member boards it in preparation for flight till the time after completion of flight last crew member leaves that flight. It has been recognized by the MOU that for the FAA and OSHA it is very important to work together in order to ensure that one agency does not block the other agency’s regulations application unnecessarily. The FAA and OSHA have been called by MOU for the establishment of a procedure for enforcing OSH through proper coordinating and supporting each other. Act with regard to improving upon the working conditions of employees in operation in aircraft and resolving various jurisdictional questions has been required. A team of representatives of FAA and OSHA is required to identify the factors which are to be considered for determining OSH requirements that can be applied to the employees working condition on aircraft in operation . It is required by the Congress that the FAA should promote the use of U.S. airspace in a safe and efficient way. CAMI promotes aviation safety through various number of medical education programs of aerospace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act and Executive Order Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees is responsible for mandating theses programs. They even provide professional advice and advice related to technical knowledge to various federal air surgeons and various other officials of agency . Bibliography association, A. p. (2012). Enhancing Pilots’ Occupational Safety. Washington. Geneva, I. l. (2013). Kenya. OSHA, F. /. (2010). Application of OSHA’s Requirements to Employees on Aircraft in Operation.

Free College Admissions Essays: Summer Camp Entrepreneur :: College Admissions Essays

Summer Camp Entrepreneur The first wedding that I planned was in no way a traditional wedding. Ten eager little girls decorated the printed invitations with sequins, buttons, and markers. The same energetic hands prepared the wedding feast, consisting of bagged lunches, blintz soufflé, and of course a layer cake. On the big day I looked around with excitement. Again, I noticed something odd about this wedding. All the participants and guests appeared about four feet high. The "groom" had long hair pinned up with brown lines on her face (was that supposed to be a beard?) The wedding location, a back yard with a swing set and a wading pool, seemed far from romantic. This wedding however was not supposed to be one of those types of weddings. As I pressed the "PLAY" button on the tape recorder I knew that ten 4-6-year-old girls cared deeply about this wedding. Despite the absence of a reason for celebration, I pulled all the girls into the circle and we started dancing and clapping to the music. The energ y that went into the preparation on previous days could finally be appreciated. My campers and I not only celebrated the accomplishment of the mock wedding, we celebrated the fun and excitement we experienced for the first three weeks in Camp Glitter Girls. I had begun preparing for Camp Glitter Girls over four months before by budgeting, sending out fliers, confirming registration and finally making sure that every camper would have the time of her life. As I danced, I celebrated the times I almost lost my patience but didn't, the times that I planned activities late into the night because I knew that only an organized schedule would ensure the success of my camp. The lessons I had learned from previous summer camps contributed greatly to this camp's success. At the age of thirteen, I first ran a camp for eight children. The next year a friend and I co-managed a camp for twenty children at a small school campus. Finally at the age of fifteen I created my most challenging summer camp with thirty-five children. In just three years the size of my camp tripled and so did the life lessons. I not only carried the responsibility for my own "bunk," but with my co-manager I hired other counselors, arranged busing to and from field trips, managed a $15,000 budget, and ensured that thirty-five children had a fun summer.

Communication Clashes and Aircraft Crashes Essay

One of the most dangerous conflicts and errors man could ever have is flying a large aircraft with airy heads and angry mouths. This happened in one of the flights of the Korean Airlines particularly the Korean Airlines flight 2033, an Airbus A300 which happened four years ago. Piloted by Captain Barry Woods, a Canadian national and co-piloted by a Korean national Chung Chan Kuy. The clashed between the two started when the Airbus was approaching a rain slicked airport when Co-pilot Chung asked Captain Woods to â€Å"go around† because he is hesitant to land the craft due to insufficient distance of Runway 6 of Cheju Airport in South Korea. The captain did not mind his Co-pilot’s concern regarding the runway and told his Co-pilot to get off while flying the through a tropical storm with up to 30 mph gusting winds. On the runway, Co pilot Chung pulled the plane off when the plane has touched the ground that made the Pilot Woods furious about what Chung has done and instructed the cockpit crew to open the cockpit window and get their evacuation slides. Being in the matter of life and death situation made these two pilots unmindful of whatever positions they have. They even forgot to follow the standard operating procedures, protocols or guidelines that the cockpit crew should follow during emergency situations. In this incident, the Co-pilot insubordinates his superior by not following the captain’s call or decision making them clash putting their passengers’ life at risk. The Co-pilot’s action in this situation drifted the pilot’s decision in landing the craft safely and made it more dangerous for the lives of their passengers because of unethical insubordination the Co-pilot has caused. Chung might have thought that landing the craft in a slippery and short runway would led to accidental landing so he decided to pull off the plane without his captain’s orders causing them to argue on this matter. Imagining the situation while on board a beleaguered airbus, the cockpit crew might have been hesitant to land the aircraft due to the raging storm and miscalculated the runway making the two pilots disagree whether to land or abort the landing. Being board on a troubled plane triggered uncontrollable conflicts or disagreements because of the tensed and uneasy situation. In whatever situation man would be, crew or staff, especially those on board the plane or ship maybe, the staff should have the instinct to be calm in whatever situation they might be and practice the standard operating procedures or protocols that they had undergone during trainings and execute the emergency procedures effectively and efficiently to avoid further accidents and they should always follow instructions given by their superiors no matter what happen because they were trained to do so. References Fatal Words – Communication Clashes and Aircraft Crashes, (1994), Steven Cushing, University of Chicago Press http://www. airdisaster. com/cvr/kal2033. shtml http://www. airfleets. net/vcrash/crash_report_Korean%20Air_HL7296. htm http://www. planecrashinfo. cpm/1994/1994-50. htm

Verb Conjugation Instructions for ESL Students

Verb Conjugation Instructions for ESL Students Learning how to conjugate verbs in English is not as difficult as many think. The key to learning how to conjugate verbs in English is to focus on how to conjugate the auxiliary verb. What are auxiliary verbs? Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. They are verbs that help the main verb. All tenses in English conjugate using an auxiliary verb. Only the present simple and the past simple in the positive form takes no auxiliary verb! Follow these easy steps on how to conjugate verbs, and youll conjugate verbs in English with ease. Learn how to identify the main verb in a sentence. Verbs express what someone or something does. Look for the verb that expresses the action of the sentence.Decide on when the action takes place. Does it take place in the present, the past, or the future?Once you have discovered the general time, find out the specific time. Is the action happening at the moment? Does the action happen every day? Has the action happened up to a point in the past, present or future?If the action happens regularly or is a habit, use the present simple verb form: For example: He doesnt work on Saturdays. They play football after school. etc.If the action happens once in the past at a specific point in time, use the past simple. For example: They went to school when they were young. Did Mary visit you last week?If the action happens up to a point in time use a perfect form: present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect. For example: She has worked her for many years. They had finished lunch by the time he arrived. Mary will have finished the report by five pm. If the action is happening at a specific moment in time use a continuous form: present continuous, past continuous or future continuous. For example: She is working at the moment. They will be playing tennis at 5 pm. Tom was eating when she arrived.Now that you know WHEN the action happens, and in what time frame, learn your helping verbs. Present simple or past - do, perfect forms - have, continuous forms - be.Learn to conjugate the helping verbs: I, you, we, they do / she, he, it does | I am / you, we, they are | I, you, we have / he, she it hasLearn which form the main verb takes for each form. Simple forms verb without to (i.e. play, walk, eat, work, etc.). Continuous forms verb ing (playing, walking, eating, working, etc.) Perfect forms past participle (verb in the third form, i.e. bought, understood, played, etc.)Conjugate the verb. Here is the thinking process: 1) Whats the general time? - past 2) Whats the specific time? - at a specific moment 3) Aha! continuous in the pa st OR past continuous 4) conjugate the helping verb - She was 5) Use the continuous form of the main verb: doing 6) Conjugate the verb: She was doing Remember these simple steps: Time? Action Happening? Simple, Continuous or Perfect? Auxiliary verb? Main Verb? Conjugate Example 1 Time? PresentAction Happening? Up to the presentSimple, Continuous or Perfect? PerfectAuxiliary verb? haveMain Verb? liveVerb Form? livedConjugate We have lived here for ten years. Example 2 Time? FutureAction Happening? happening at a specific momentSimple, Continuous or Perfect? continuousAuxiliary verb? beMain Verb? watchVerb Form? watchingConjugate She will be watching TV at nine. Example 3 Time? PastAction Happening? one day in pastSimple, Continuous or Perfect? simpleAuxiliary verb? didMain Verb? playVerb Form? playConjugate Did you play the piano yesterday? Tips Be patient with yourself when learning how to conjugate verbs.Remember that the present simple and past simple do NOT take auxiliary verbs in positive forms.Changes occur in the auxiliary verb, not in the main verb EXCEPT for the present simple.

buy custom Triology of a Crisis essay

buy custom Triology of a Crisis essay Definition of a crisis Crisis in health dimension can be defined as the climax of a disease when a critical change takes place indicating death or recovery. Ways for evaluating the process of crisis formation An event occurs Perception of the event leads to a biased distress Biased distress leads to malfunctioning survival skills unable to improve functioning Ways of increasing functioning Change perception of the participating event and try to offer helping strategies biased distress will be decreased Functioning level will be increased How a crisis can be both an opportunity and a danger Opportunity With the help of counseling and intervention, the individual will cope with the crisis combined with increased survival skills, emotional growth and resources which will help him to deal with future stressors (familydoctor.org, 2008). Danger Without help, the individual may go back to a low level of functioning by use the ego defense mechanisms or remain nonfunctional via suicide, homicide or psychosis How someone becomes crisis prone (familydoctor.org, 2010) Experiences a stressor perceived as threatening which leads to subjective distress and impairment in functioning. Coping methods fail. State of disequilibrium ensues for 4-6 weeks No intervention or help is sought Individual uses ego strength to deny, repress, dissociate from the meaning of the precipitating event and subjective distress and functions at a lowered level. Idividual not prepared emotionally to deal with future stressors and this may easily lead into crisis states when faced with potential precipitating events. Factors which can lead to a crisis Material resources such as transportation, money, food, clothing and shelter Personal resources such as personality traits, intelligence, education, ego strength and physical well-being Social resources which include family, co-workers, friends, clubs and church Types of crisis Developmental these are normal, expected, transitional phases as people move from one stage of life to another. People often are unable to cope with evolving needs of family members. Situational- these are uncommon, extraordinary events. There is no way of forecasting or controlling them. Curvilinear model of anxiety (family doctor.org, 2007) A lot anxiety is overwhelming and paralyzing Too little anxiety leaves very little motivation to change or accept interventions Moderate anxiety is optimal in motivating people to change and allowing them to utilize personal resources Sometimes an individual needs medication to reduce anxiety to the point where a person can respond to intervention Other times anxiety is encouraged to increase motivation Caplans seven characteristics of effective coping behavior Actively looking for reality issues and finding for information Expressing freely both negative and positive feeling and bearing frustration Actively looking for assistance from others Dividing problems into manageable parts and going through them one part at a time Ready too cope with fatigue and pacing assisting efforts while keeping control in as many areas of functioning as possible Understanding feelings where possible and being flexible and willing to adapt Trusting in one self and others and having positive mind about the outcome Multicultural perspectives in crisis intervention To understand the persons world view we need to address culturally biases assumptions Culturally biased assumptions Assumption that all people share a common measure of normal behavior Assumption that crisis is primarily individual rather than part of a larger group such as friends, family, society etc Assumption that the definition of problems can be limited by academic boundaries Assumption that others will understand abstraction the same The assumption that independence is valuable, and dependencies are undesirable. We should not depend on others or allow them to depend upon us The assumption that people would prefer counseling rather than support of family, friends, peers etc Assumption of good or bad is transferable Assumption that human service worker, crisis workers know all their assumptions Assumptions that the clients history has nothing or limited relevance Guidelines to assist the crisis interveners multicultural awareness Attempt to understand your own cultural biases Where possible, make an effort to learn the language of those into crisis you may need to intercede. Find a well trained translator where necessary Ask for further clarification if you are not sure what the victim said Buy custom Triology of a Crisis essay

Law and Contract Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law and Contract Strategy - Essay Example However, for a valid contract to be valid, the elements must be: a) capacity, b) mutual assent (which includes offer, acceptance, and meeting of minds), c) consideration, d) lawful purpose, e) certainty of terms, and f) form provided by law (Essential 2006). On the other hand, Wikipedia (2007) cited the three key elements of a contract under common law jurisdictions as: a) offer and acceptance, b) consideration, and c) intent to create a legal relation. In sum, while the law considers three essential elements (consent, consideration and object), a valid contract requires other elements (e.g. capacity of parties, lawfulness of object, etc.). A contract is an agreement of parties (two or more) arrived at after adequately considering to do or refrain from doing an action (Contract Law. n.d.). It is also defined as a promise(s) which provide(s) a remedy for its breach or which the law recognises its performance as a duty (Contract Formation n.d.) (Essential 2006). It covers a wide array of subjects and transactions from sale of real or personal property, or terms of employment (Larson 2003). It defines the rights and obligations of a party, provides the means to enforce the rights, and allocates risks between the parties (Lewis-Elements n.d.). Contracts vary according to its usage. A construction contract is complex because it involves numerous parties (e.g. engineer, quantity surveyor, etc.), long period of execution, and a series of subcontracts (Lewis-Elements n.d.). In the construction sector, all details necessary to reflect the intents, timetable, insurance, or dispute settlements are considered essential elements. T o ease this complexity, industry professional and organisations created forms that will cover every detail of their particular needs, such as: building contracts (JCT series), engineering contracts (ICE series), government contracts (GC Works series), etc.

A topic from your personal knowledge and experience Essay

A topic from your personal knowledge and experience - Essay Example In other words, how their lives affects others. My philosophy of life involves this premise. In a world that is beautiful, exciting and mysterious yet can be brutally unfair, who I am is determined by how my life, my words and actions affect the world and the people in it. This is all I can really control, the person I choose to be. The person that some one chooses to be depends on an almost infinite number of factors including how and where they were raised, environmental influences, choices regarding philosophical thought and, in part, genetic predispositions. However, since the dawn of the internet, people from every part of the world have realized that they can indeed think very much alike those that have had very different life experiences. This proves, I suppose, that where you start does not indicate where you will end up, philosophically speaking. Some do not look at life and the world in the same way as their parents, friends or ethnic group see it, yet some do. It is for higher minds to ponder the reasons for why a person believes what they do but one thing is certain, the path there is very complex and unique to every individual. The roots of my philosophy towards life begin with the Bible yet I do not consider my self Christian, far from it. As a youth, I found the words of Christ simple, to the point and ultimately a path to inner contentment. A life philosophy, I have found, is an evolving viewpoint based on what we learn as we travel through the roller coaster that is life. The Bible gave me the foundation of what I have built upon since my youth. Other philosophies, whether from religions or various ‘wise men,’ that I have read do not contradict, in fact they support the tenets from the book I began with. All books of philosophical content are written as a guideline to happiness. Isn’t an individual’s